Why the Arizona and Georgia Races Are Primarily Over, however Not Formally Referred to as

President Trump closed to around 11,000 votes in Arizona, but there is no realistic way for him to fill the rest of the void.

There are only around 16,000 votes left, most of them preliminary ballot papers, and not all will ultimately be verified as eligible voters. The late votes were generally in his favor, but Mr Trump would have to win the remaining vote by over 60 points to get a tie against Joe Biden.

The president’s challenge became even more difficult Thursday afternoon when ballot papers from democratic Pima County, home of Tucson, were barely in his favor.

Fox News and The Associated Press called the race for Mr. Biden on election night, and Decision Desk headquarters called Wednesday night after a vote from Maricopa County, but Reuters, CNN, NBC News, ABC News and CBS News not Weighed in.

Why did some networks not do a projection? It almost certainly does not reflect the view that Mr Trump has a realistic chance of winning. Instead, the networks are cautious for one simple reason: the total span is less than half a point – Mr Biden has a 49.40 share of the vote and Mr Trump is 49.06 – which is generally the threshold for a network projection. When it gets closer, policymakers wonder about one of a thousand possibilities, such as a tabular count irregularity or the type of data entry problems that plagued Florida in 2000.

[Update: Shortly after 11 p.m. Eastern on Thursday, NBC and other networks projected Mr. Biden as the winner. ]

Many news organizations – but not The AP – sometimes determine an “obvious” winner when a candidate appears to have won a close election. But this one looks done.

(Late Thursday the New York Times called Arizona about Mr. Biden as well.)

The count could be even closer to its close in Georgia, where Mr Biden now tops the list with nearly three-tenths of a percentage point, or about 14,000 votes. Mr Trump has even less reason to hope here.

Very few votes remain to be counted as most counties in Georgia – but not the most democratic counties in Atlanta – have already confirmed their results.

And unlike in Arizona, the late ballots toward Mr. Biden are broken. He cites the provisional ballots that have been counted so far, 63 to 35 percent, and he also appears to have carried non-provisional ballots that were counted after the election, such as those from overseas and ballots that had the chance of errors such as a To be “cured” missing signature.

Again, the networks did not make a projection. Not only is the race close enough to deserve the extra caution, but the Georgian Foreign Minister has announced that the race will be told by hand. Network decision switches usually do not project when there is a recount – although the term “apparent winner” can be considered here as well.

Even so, Mr. Biden’s leadership in Georgia seems secure. I am not aware of any case where a recount has canceled out such a great benefit. The Georgia race may not be held until the statewide result is confirmed, but Mr Trump’s chances are now so slim that they aren’t even visible.

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